Add project documentation and architecture details

- Create .gitignore to exclude specific project files and directories.
- Add CONTRIBUTING.md with guidelines for contributing to the project.
- Update README.md to reflect changes in usage section and contact information.
- Introduce 08_concepts.md outlining cross-cutting concepts in the architecture.
- Add 02_data_model.md detailing the data model and relationships.
- Implement 03_security.md to describe security measures and practices.
- Establish 08_ui_design.md for user interface design principles.
- Document quality requirements in 10_quality_requirements.md.
- Identify risks and technical debts in 11_technical_risks.md.
- Create a glossary in 12_glossary.md for project-specific terms.
- Include about-arc42.md to explain the arc42 documentation template.
- Define price calculation variables and formula in price_calculation.md.
- Introduce ADR template in adr.md for documenting architecture decisions.
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# Data Model
The data model for the system is designed to capture the essential entities and their relationships involved in mining projects. Each entity is represented as a table in the relational database, with attributes defining their properties and foreign keys establishing relationships between them.
## Table of Contents
- [Data Model](#data-model)
- [Table of Contents](#table-of-contents)
- [Relationships Diagram](#relationships-diagram)
- [User](#user)
- [User Diagram](#user-diagram)
- [User Roles](#user-roles)
- [System Administrator](#system-administrator)
- [Mandator Administrator](#mandator-administrator)
- [Project Manager](#project-manager)
- [Standard User](#standard-user)
- [Permissions](#permissions)
- [Mandator](#mandator)
- [Project](#project)
- [Location](#location)
- [Currency](#currency)
- [Unit](#unit)
- [Mining Technology](#mining-technology)
- [Product Model](#product-model)
- [Quality Metrics](#quality-metrics)
- [Financial Model](#financial-model)
- [Cost Model](#cost-model)
- [CAPEX](#capex)
- [OPEX](#opex)
- [Revenue Model](#revenue-model)
- [Revenue Streams](#revenue-streams)
- [Product Sales](#product-sales)
- [Investment Model](#investment-model)
- [Economic Model](#economic-model)
- [Risk Model](#risk-model)
- [Parameter](#parameter)
- [Scenario](#scenario)
## Relationships Diagram
```mermaid
erDiagram
User ||--o{ UserRole : has
UserRole ||--o{ RolePermission : has
Permission ||--o{ RolePermission : assigned_to
User ||--o{ Mandator : belongs_to
Mandator ||--o{ Project : has_many
Project ||--|| Location : located_at
Project ||--o{ MiningTechnology : uses
Project ||--o{ FinancialModel : has_many
Project ||--o{ Parameter : has_many
Project ||--o{ Scenario : has_many
ProductModel ||--o{ QualityMetric : has
FinancialModel ||--o{ CostModel : includes
FinancialModel ||--o{ RevenueModel : includes
FinancialModel ||--o{ InvestmentModel : includes
FinancialModel ||--o{ EconomicModel : includes
FinancialModel ||--o{ RiskModel : includes
MiningTechnology ||--o{ Parameter : has_many
MiningTechnology ||--o{ QualityMetric : has_many
CostModel ||--|| CAPEX : has
CostModel ||--|| OPEX : has
RevenueModel ||--o{ RevenueStream : has
RevenueModel ||--o{ ProductSale : has
Currency ||--o{ CAPEX : used_in
Currency ||--o{ OPEX : used_in
Currency ||--o{ RevenueStream : used_in
Currency ||--o{ ProductSale : used_in
Unit ||--o{ ProductModel : used_in
Unit ||--o{ QualityMetric : used_in
Unit ||--o{ Parameter : used_in
```
## User
Users are individuals who have access to the Calminer system.
Each User is associated with a single Mandator and can be assigned to multiple Projects under that Mandator. Users have specific roles and permissions that determine their level of access within the system.
### User Diagram
```mermaid
erDiagram
User {
string UserID PK
string Name
string Email
string PasswordHash
datetime CreatedAt
datetime UpdatedAt
datetime LastLogin
boolean IsActive
}
```
### User Roles
Users can have different roles within the Calminer system, which define their permissions and access levels.
```mermaid
erDiagram
User ||--o{ UserRole : has
UserRole {
string RoleID PK
string RoleName
string Description
}
```
#### System Administrator
The System Administrator role is a special user role that has elevated privileges across the entire Calminer system. This role is responsible for managing system settings, configurations, managing Mandators, user accounts, and overall system maintenance.
#### Mandator Administrator
The Mandator Administrator role is a special user role assigned to individuals who manage a specific Mandator. This role has the authority to oversee Users and Projects within their Mandator, including user assignments and project configurations.
#### Project Manager
The Project Manager role is responsible for overseeing specific Projects within a Mandator. This role has permissions to manage project settings, assign Users to the Project, and monitor project progress.
#### Standard User
The Standard User role can participate in Projects assigned to them but has limited access to administrative functions.
### Permissions
Permissions are defined based on user roles, determining what actions a user can perform within the system. Permissions include:
- View Projects
- Edit Projects
- Manage Users
- Configure System Settings
- Access Reports
- Run Simulations
- Manage Financial Models
- Export Data
- Import Data
- View Logs
- Manage Notifications
- Access API
Permissions are assigned to roles, and users inherit permissions based on their assigned roles. For this purpose, a helper entity `RolePermission` is defined to map roles to their respective permissions.
The Permissions entity (and RolePermission entity) is defined as follows:
```mermaid
erDiagram
RolePermission {
string RoleID FK
string PermissionID FK
}
Permission {
string PermissionID PK
string PermissionName
string Description
}
UserRole ||--o{ RolePermission : has
Permission ||--o{ RolePermission : assigned_to
```
## Mandator
The Mandator entity represents organizational units or clients using the system. A Mandator can have multiple Users and Projects associated with it.
```mermaid
erDiagram
Mandator {
string MandatorID PK
string Name
string ContactInfo
datetime CreatedAt
datetime UpdatedAt
boolean IsActive
}
```
## Project
The Project entity encapsulates the details of mining projects. Attributes include ProjectID, ProjectName, Description, LocationID (linking to the Location entity), CreationDate, and OwnerID (linking to the User entity). Projects can have multiple Datasets associated with them.
```mermaid
erDiagram
Project {
string ProjectID PK
string ProjectName
string Description
string LocationID FK
datetime CreationDate
string OwnerID FK
string Status
datetime StartDate
}
```
## Location
The Location entity represents the geographical context of the data being mined. Locations can be linked to multiple Projects.
```mermaid
erDiagram
Location {
string LocationID PK
string Name
string Description
string Coordinates
string Region
string Country
}
```
## Currency
The Currency entity defines the monetary units used in the system. Currency is used when dealing with any monetary values in Projects or Results.
```mermaid
erDiagram
Currency {
string CurrencyID PK
string Code
string Name
string Symbol
datetime CreatedAt
datetime UpdatedAt
boolean IsActive
}
```
## Unit
The Unit entity defines measurement units used in the system. Units are essential for standardizing data representation across mining projects, financial models, and results.
```mermaid
erDiagram
Unit {
string UnitID PK
string Name
string Symbol
string Description
}
```
## Mining Technology
The Mining Technology entity encompasses the various tools and techniques used in data mining projects. A Mining Project typically utilizes one specific Mining Technology.
```mermaid
erDiagram
MiningTechnology {
string TechnologyID PK
string Name
string Description
}
```
## Product Model
The Product Model entity captures the details of products extracted or processed in mining projects. It includes attributes such as ProductID, Name, Type and UnitID (linking to the Unit entity). A Product Model can have multiple Quality Metrics associated with it.
```mermaid
erDiagram
ProductModel {
string ProductID PK
string Name
string Type
string UnitID FK
}
ProductModel ||--o{ QualityMetric : has
Unit ||--o{ ProductModel : used_in
Unit ||--o{ QualityMetric : used_in
```
### Quality Metrics
Quality Metrics define the standards and specifications for products derived from mining projects. These metrics ensure that products meet industry and regulatory requirements.
For example, Quality Metrics for a mineral product may include:
- Purity Level
- Moisture Content
- Impurity Levels
- Grain Size Distribution
- Chemical Composition
- Physical Properties
These metrics are essential for assessing the value and usability of the products in various applications and markets.
```mermaid
erDiagram
QualityMetric {
string MetricID PK
string Name
string Description
float MinValue
float MaxValue
string UnitID FK
string AssociatedProductID FK
}
ProductModel ||--o{ QualityMetric : has
Unit ||--o{ QualityMetric : used_in
```
## Financial Model
The Financial Model entity captures the economic aspects of mining projects. The Financial Model includes various sub-models and components that detail costs, revenues, investments, and risks associated with mining projects. Financial Models are the basis for Scenario analyses within Projects.
```mermaid
erDiagram
FinancialModel {
string ModelID PK
string Name
string Description
string AssociatedProjectID FK
}
```
### Cost Model
The Cost Model details the expenses associated with mining projects, including capital expenditures (CAPEX) and operational expenditures (OPEX).
- CAPEX: Initial costs for equipment, infrastructure, and setup.
- OPEX: Ongoing costs for labor, maintenance, and operations.
```mermaid
erDiagram
CostModel {
string ModelID PK
string Name
string Description
string AssociatedProjectID FK
}
CAPEX {
string CAPEXID PK
float EquipmentCost
float InfrastructureCost
float SetupCost
float ContingencyCost
float TotalCAPEX
string CurrencyID FK
}
OPEX {
string OPEXID PK
float LaborCost
float MaterialsCost
float EquipmentRentalCost
float UtilitiesCost
float MaintenanceCost
float TotalOPEX
string CurrencyID FK
}
FinancialModel ||--o{ CostModel : includes
CostModel ||--|| CAPEX : has
CostModel ||--|| OPEX : has
Currency ||--o{ CAPEX : used_in
Currency ||--o{ OPEX : used_in
```
#### CAPEX
For a calculation of Capital Expenditures (CAPEX), the following attributes are included:
- EquipmentCost
- InfrastructureCost
- SetupCost
- ContingencyCost
- TotalCAPEX
- CurrencyID (Foreign Key to Currency)
#### OPEX
For a calculation of Operational Expenditures (OPEX), the following attributes are included:
- LaborCost
- MaterialsCost
- EquipmentRentalCost
- UtilitiesCost
- MaintenanceCost
- TotalOPEX
- CurrencyID (Foreign Key to Currency)
### Revenue Model
The Revenue Model outlines the income generated from mining projects. It includes various revenue streams and product sales.
```mermaid
erDiagram
RevenueModel {
string ModelID PK
string Name
string Description
string AssociatedProjectID FK
}
FinancialModel ||--o{ RevenueModel : includes
RevenueStream {
string RevenueStreamID PK
string Name
string Description
float Amount
string CurrencyID FK
string AssociatedRevenueModelID FK
string Frequency
datetime StartDate
datetime EndDate
boolean IsRecurring
}
FinancialModel ||--o{ RevenueModel : includes
RevenueModel ||--o{ RevenueStream : has
Currency ||--o{ RevenueStream : used_in
```
#### Revenue Streams
Revenue streams can include product sales, service fees, and other income sources related to the mining project.
```mermaid
erDiagram
RevenueStream {
string RevenueStreamID PK
string Name
string Description
float Amount
string CurrencyID FK
string AssociatedRevenueModelID FK
string Frequency
datetime StartDate
datetime EndDate
boolean IsRecurring
}
```
#### Product Sales
Mining product sales represent the primary revenue stream for most mining projects. Product sales revenue is calculated based on the quantity of product sold, price per unit, and any applicable adjustments for quality or other factors like penalties for impurities. Also see [Price Calculation](/specifications/price_calculation.md) for more details.
```mermaid
erDiagram
ProductSale {
string SaleID PK
string ProductID FK
float QuantitySold
float PricePerUnit
float TotalRevenue
string CurrencyID FK
datetime SaleDate
}
ProductModel ||--o{ ProductSale : has
Currency ||--o{ ProductSale : used_in
```
### Investment Model
The Investment Model focuses on the funding and financial backing of mining projects. It includes details about investors, investment amounts, and dates.
```mermaid
erDiagram
InvestmentModel {
string InvestmentID PK
string InvestorID FK
string ProjectID FK
float Amount
datetime InvestmentDate
}
FinancialModel ||--o{ InvestmentModel : includes
```
### Economic Model
The Economic Model assesses the overall economic viability and impact of mining projects. Economic indicators such as Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and Payback Period are calculated within this model.
```mermaid
erDiagram
EconomicModel {
string ModelID PK
string Name
string Description
string AssociatedProjectID FK
}
FinancialModel ||--o{ EconomicModel : includes
```
### Risk Model
The Risk Model identifies and evaluates potential risks associated with mining projects. It includes risk factors, their probabilities, and potential impacts on project outcomes.
```mermaid
erDiagram
RiskModel {
string ModelID PK
string Name
string Description
string AssociatedProjectID FK
}
FinancialModel ||--o{ RiskModel : includes
```
## Parameter
Parameters are configurable inputs used within Financial Models to simulate different economic conditions and scenarios for mining projects. Each Parameter has a name, type, default value, and is linked to a specific Technology.
```mermaid
erDiagram
Parameter {
string ParameterID PK
string Name
string Type
string DefaultValue
string Description
string AssociatedTechnologyID FK
}
```
## Scenario
A Scenario represents a specific configuration or analysis case within a Project. Scenarios utilize various Financial Models and Parameters to simulate different outcomes for mining projects.
```mermaid
erDiagram
Scenario {
string ScenarioID PK
string Name
string Description
string AssociatedProjectID FK
}
```

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# Security Concept
CalMiner places a strong emphasis on security to protect sensitive data and ensure the integrity of the system. The following security measures and practices are implemented to safeguard the platform:
## Data Encryption
All sensitive data is encrypted at rest and in transit to prevent unauthorized access.
## Access Controls
Role-based access controls (RBAC) are implemented to restrict data access based on user roles and responsibilities.
Also see [Authentication and Authorization](08_concepts.md#authentication-and-authorization) and the [Data Model](08_02_data_model.md#user-roles) sections.
## Audit Logging
Comprehensive logging of user activities and system events is maintained for monitoring and auditing purposes. Also see [Error Handling and Logging](08_concepts.md#error-handling-and-logging) section for more details.
## Vulnerability Management
Regular security assessments and updates are conducted to identify and mitigate potential vulnerabilities.
## Compliance
The system adheres to relevant regulatory requirements, such as GDPR, to ensure data privacy and protection.
## Architectural Diagram with Security Layers
```mermaid
architecture-beta
group SecurityLayers[Security Layers]
service FrontendLayer(server)[Frontend Layer] in SecurityLayers
service APILayer(server)[API Layer] in SecurityLayers
service ServiceLayer(server)[Service Layer] in SecurityLayers
service DataAccessLayer(server)[Data Access Layer] in SecurityLayers
service DatabaseSystem(database)[Database System] in SecurityLayers
service DataStorage(disk)[Encrypted Data Storage] in SecurityLayers
FrontendLayer:R -- L:APILayer
APILayer:R -- L:ServiceLayer
ServiceLayer:R -- L:DataAccessLayer
DataAccessLayer:R -- L:DatabaseSystem
DatabaseSystem:B -- T:DataStorage
```
```mermaid
flowchart TD
subgraph F[Frontend Layer]
Frontend[Frontend Components]
end
subgraph A[API Layer]
APILayer[API Layer]
end
subgraph S[Service Layer]
ServiceLayer[Service Layer]
end
subgraph D[Data Access Layer]
DataAccessLayer[Data Access Layer]
end
subgraph DB[Database System]
DatabaseSystem[Database System]
DataStorage[Encrypted Data Storage]
end
Frontend -->|Secure API Calls| APILayer
APILayer -->|Authentication & Authorization| ServiceLayer
ServiceLayer -->|Data Access| DataAccessLayer
DataAccessLayer -->|Database Queries| DatabaseSystem
DatabaseSystem -->|Encrypted Data Storage| DataStorage
classDef securityLayer fill:#f96,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px;
class Frontend,APILayer,ServiceLayer,DataAccessLayer,DatabaseSystem securityLayer;
```
## Level 2: Security Layers Explanation
### Frontend Layer
The Frontend Layer implements secure communication protocols (e.g., HTTPS) to ensure data transmitted between the client and server is encrypted. It also incorporates input validation to prevent common vulnerabilities such as XSS and CSRF attacks.
### API Layer
The API Layer enforces authentication and authorization mechanisms to control access to backend services. It validates incoming requests and ensures that only authorized users can access specific resources.
### Service Layer
The Service Layer handles business logic while ensuring that data processing adheres to security policies. It also manages session security and implements rate limiting to prevent abuse.
### Data Access Layer
The Data Access Layer is responsible for securely interacting with the database. It uses parameterized queries to prevent SQL injection attacks and ensures that data access is logged for auditing purposes.
### Database System
The Database System employs encryption at rest and in transit to protect sensitive data. It also implements access controls to restrict database access based on user roles.
Data is regularly backed up, and recovery procedures are in place to ensure data integrity in case of failures.
### Encrypted Data Storage
All sensitive data stored in the system is encrypted using industry-standard encryption algorithms. This ensures that even if data storage is compromised, the data remains protected and inaccessible to unauthorized users.

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# User Interface Design Principles
<!-- CalMiner aims to provide a comprehensive platform for mining project scenario analysis, enabling stakeholders to make informed decisions based on data-driven insights. -->
A user-friendly and intuitive user interface (UI) is crucial for the success of the Calminer system. The UI design principles outlined below ensure that users can effectively interact with the system, access necessary features, and derive maximum value from the platform.
## Key Design Principles
1. **Clarity**: The UI presents information clearly and concisely, minimizing cognitive load and helping users understand the system's functionality.
2. **Consistency**: The UI maintains a consistent look and feel across all components, ensuring users can easily navigate and interact with the system.
3. **Customizability**: The UI allows customization for individual settings and preferences, enabling a true multi-tenancy look and feel.
4. **Responsiveness**: The UI adapts to different screen sizes and devices, providing an optimal experience for all users.
5. **Simplicity**: The design prioritizes simplicity, presenting information clearly and avoiding unnecessary complexity.
6. **Feedback**: The UI provides timely feedback to user actions, ensuring users are informed of the results of their interactions.
## Concepts
To facilitate the implementation of these design principles, the following concepts are employed in the UI design:
- **Modular Design**: The UI is structured into modular components, allowing for easy maintenance, updates, and scalability.
- **Intuitive Navigation**: Clear navigation paths and menus are provided to help users find features and information quickly.
- **Visual Hierarchy**: Important elements are emphasized through size, color, and placement to guide user attention.
- **Accessibility**: The UI is designed to be accessible to users with disabilities, following best practices for inclusive design.
- **User-Centered Design**: The design process involves user feedback and testing to ensure the UI meets the needs and expectations of its target audience.
- **Interactive Elements**: Buttons, forms, and other interactive elements are designed to be easily identifiable and usable.
- **Data Visualization**: Charts, graphs, and other visual tools are used to present complex data in an understandable format.
## Implementation Considerations
When implementing the UI design principles and concepts, the following considerations should be taken into account:
- **Performance**: The UI should load quickly and respond promptly to user interactions to ensure a smooth user experience.
- **Cross-Browser Compatibility**: The UI should function consistently across different web browsers and platforms.
- **Localization**: The UI should support multiple languages and regional settings to accommodate a diverse user base.
- **Security**: The UI should incorporate security best practices to protect user data and prevent unauthorized access.